AE, adverse event; BCG, Bacillus Calmette–Guérin; BICR, Blinded Independent Central Review; CI, confidence interval; CPR, complete pathological response; CrCl, creatinine clearance; CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated protein 4; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; EFS, event-free survival; gem-cis, gemcitabine-cisplatin; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; HR, hazard ratio; imAEs, immune mediated adverse events; IP, investigational product; IO, immuno-oncology; ITT, intent-to-treat; MFS, metastasis-free survival; MIBC, muscle-invasive bladder cancer; N, node; NAC, neoadjuvant chemotherapy; NR, not reached; OS, overall survival; pCR, pathological complete response; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; PD-L1, programmed death-ligand 1; PD-L2, programmed death-ligand 2; Q4W, once every 4 weeks; RC, radical cystectomy; SAE, serious adverse event; TCC, transitional cell carcinoma; UC, urothelial carcinoma; ARR, absolute risk reduction.